How many forms of test-item validity are there?

Test-item validity is a crucial concept in assessment and evaluation, ensuring that the test items accurately measure what they are intended to measure. The correct number of forms of test-item validity is four.

These four forms are:

1. Content Validity: This assesses whether the test items represent a balanced and comprehensive sampling of the subject matter. It ensures that the content covered in the test aligns with the learning objectives and course material.

2. Construct Validity: This examines whether the test measures the underlying theoretical construct that it is intended to measure. For example, if a test is designed to measure fire safety knowledge, construct validity would determine whether the test items truly assess knowledge related to fire safety concepts and practices.

3. Criterion-related Validity: This form considers how well one measure predicts an outcome based on another measure. It can be split into two types: concurrent validity (how well the test correlates with a measure taken at the same time) and predictive validity (how well the test predicts future performance).

4. Face Validity: Although it is often considered less rigorous, face validity refers to the extent to which a test appears, at face value, to measure what it claims to measure. It is subjective